Where is zyrtec absorbed

Visually inspect parenteral products for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration whenever solution and container permit. IV Push Dilution is not necessary. Administer cetirizine injection as an intravenous push over a period of 1 to 2 minutes.

The vial is for single-use only; discard any unused portion. Instruct patients on proper instillation of the ophthalmic solution. Wash hands before and after use. Remove contact lenses prior to instillation of the dose. Contact lenses may be reinserted 10 minutes after the dose has been administered.

Do not remove the cap from the multi-dose bottle or remove the single-use container from the original foil pouch until immediately prior to use. Take care to avoid contamination. Do not touch the dropper tip of the multi-dose bottle or the tip of the single-use container to the eye, fingertips, or other surfaces. Tilt the head back slightly and pull the lower eyelid down with the index finger to form a pouch.

Squeeze 1 drop into the pouch of each affected eye and gently close eyes. Do not blink. If administering the dose via a single-use container, 1 container can be used to dose both eyes. Single-use containers should remain in original foil patch until ready to use. Keep the multi-dose bottle closed when not in use.

Discard the single-use container after use. Do not store for later use. Cetirizine has less affinity than some H1-blockers for calcium channel, alpha-adrenergic, D2-dopamine, 5HT2-serotonin and muscarinic receptors. A reduction in anticholinergic effects may mean that some of the restrictions to the use of older H1-blockers may not apply to cetirizine. Cetirizine is contraindicated for use in patients with a known hypersensitivity to the drug or to any of the formulation components or who have known hydroxyzine hypersensitivity or levocetirizine hypersensitivity.

Cetirizine is a known human metabolite of hydroxyzine, and levocetirizine is an enantiomer of cetirizine. In clinical trials, drowsiness has been reported in some patients taking cetirizine; therefore patients receiving cetirizine should be advised to avoid driving or operating machinery until the effects of the drug are known. Because the effects of ethanol or other CNS depressants may be additive with antihistamines, ethanol ingestion should be avoided and coadministration with other CNS depressants should be approached with caution.

No dosage adjustment of cetirizine injection for acute urticaria is required in patients with moderate and severe renal impairment and in patients on dialysis; however these patients should be monitored for antihistaminic side effects. Dosage adjustments of oral cetirizine are suggested for patients with hepatic disease as exposure is increased in hepatically impaired patients and the drug clearance rate is reduced.

No dosage adjustment of intravenous cetirizine is required in patients with hepatic impairment; however these patients should be monitored for antihistaminic side effects. There are no adequate or well-controlled studies with the use of cetirizine during human pregnancy. Use cetirizine during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus.

Pregnant patients should see their health care professional for a proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology consider cetirizine and loratadine as acceptable alternatives in pregnancy, preferably after the first trimester, when first-generation antihistamines are not tolerated.

Cetirizine is excreted in human breast milk after oral administration. It is not known whether systemic absorption from the topical ocular administration of cetirizine could produce detectable quantities in breast milk. There is no adequate information regarding the effects of cetirizine on the breast-fed infant or the effects on milk production.

Consider the developmental and health benefits of breast-feeding along with the mother's clinical need for cetirizine and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed child from cetirizine. The British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology recommends cetirizine at the lowest dose as a preferred antihistamine in breast-feeding women. Loratadine is also usually considered compatible with breast-feeding.

A decline in renal function in the geriatric adult mean age 77 years was responsible for prolonged half-life of oral cetirizine and reduced total clearance; oral cetirizine dosage adjustment is recommended for elderly patients 77 years and older. No safety differences have been noted in clinical use for elderly 65 years and older vs.

No dosage adjustment of cetirizine intravenous injection is required in geriatric adults; however, these patients should be monitored for antihistaminic side effects. According to the OBRA guidelines, cough, cold, and allergy medications should be used only for a limited duration less than 14 days unless there is documented evidence of enduring symptoms that cannot otherwise be alleviated and for which a cause cannot be identified and corrected.

Instruct patients to remove contact lenses prior to ophthalmic administration of cetirizine. The preservative, benzalkonium chloride, may be absorbed by soft contact lenses.

Contact lenses may be reinserted 10 minutes after dose administration; however, advise patients not to wear contact lenses if their eyes are red. Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Limit the use of opioid pain medication with cetirizine to only patients for whom alternative treatment options are inadequate. If concurrent use is necessary, use the lowest effective doses and minimum treatment durations needed to achieve the desired clinical effect.

Acetaminophen; Codeine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Acetaminophen; Hydrocodone: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Acetaminophen; Oxycodone: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Coadministration may increase the risk of CNS depressant-related side effects. If concurrent use is necessary, monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence.

Acetaminophen; Propoxyphene: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Alfentanil: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Coadministration may increase the risk of anticholinergic and CNS depressant-related side effects.

If concurrent use is necessary, monitor for excessive anticholinergic effects, sedation, and somnolence. Dopaminergic agents have also been associated with sudden sleep onset during activities of daily living such as driving, which has resulted in accidents in some cases. Prescribers should re-assess patients for drowsiness or sleepiness regularly throughout treatment, especially since events may occur well after the start of treatment. Aspirin, ASA; Caffeine; Dihydrocodeine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Aspirin, ASA; Carisoprodol; Codeine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Aspirin, ASA; Oxycodone: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Use caution during coadministration.

Belladonna; Opium: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Benzhydrocodone; Acetaminophen: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Brompheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Brompheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Butalbital; Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Codeine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Carbidopa; Levodopa; Entacapone: Moderate Caution is recommended during concurrent use of cetirizine or levocetirizine with COMT inhibitors because of the possibility for additive sedative effects.

COMT inhibitors have also been associated with sudden sleep onset during activities of daily living such as driving, which has resulted in accidents in some cases.

Patients should be advised to avoid driving or other tasks requiring mental alertness until they know how the combination affects them. Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Carbinoxamine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Cenobamate: Moderate Monitor for excessive sedation and somnolence during coadministration of cenobamate and cetirizine. Concurrent use may result in additive CNS depression. Chlorpheniramine; Codeine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Phenylephrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Chlorpheniramine; Dihydrocodeine; Pseudoephedrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Chlorpheniramine; Guaifenesin; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Phenylephrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Chlorpheniramine; Hydrocodone; Pseudoephedrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Codeine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

Codeine; Guaifenesin: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence. Codeine; Guaifenesin; Pseudoephedrine: Moderate Concomitant use of opioid agonists with cetirizine may cause excessive sedation and somnolence.

The brain has several key areas which control vomiting. It is thought that antihistamines block H1 receptors in the area of the brain which creates nausea in response to chemicals in the body. Some antihistamines may also have what is known as an antimuscarinic effect. This means that the medicine can also block another type of receptor found on the surface of certain cells. If these receptors are affected, you may experience some of the side-effects associated with antihistamines. For example, dry mouth, blurred vision and retention of urine.

These effects are mainly caused by the older first-generation antihistamines which are described below. Note : antihistamines should not be confused with H2 blockers which reduce the production of stomach acid. While both types of medicine block the actions of histamine, they work on different receptors in different systems of the body. Some of these medicines are available to buy over the counter from your pharmacist.

Others are only available on prescription. These medicines come in a variety of forms, as mentioned above. Your doctor or pharmacist will advise you on how to take your medication, including what dose and how often. Read the leaflet that comes with your particular brand for further information. All antihistamines work pretty well to reduce symptoms of allergy.

Your doctor or pharmacist may advise or prescribe a particular antihistamine depending on the cause of your allergy and on whether you require a sedating or non-sedating medicine.

For other conditions, specific antihistamines may be used. For example, cyclizine and promethazine teoclate are used for feeling sick nausea and being sick vomiting , not for hay fever. Chlorphenamine is the antihistamine most used in an emergency situation such as anaphylaxis, and may be given by injection in this situation. An antihistamine tablet typically starts to work within 30 minutes after being taken. The peak of effectiveness is typically within hours after being taken.

This can vary depending on the reason for treating you. If you have hay fever you may take the medicine throughout the pollen season. Most people who take antihistamines do not have any serious side-effects. If side-effects do occur, they are usually minor.

The most common are:. For a full list of all the side-effects and possible interactions associated with your medicine, consult the leaflet that comes with your medication.

If you think you have had a side-effect to one of your medicines you can report this on the Yellow Card Scheme. You can do this online at www. The Yellow Card Scheme is used to make pharmacists, doctors and nurses aware of any new side-effects that medicines or any other healthcare products may have caused. If you wish to report a side-effect, you will need to provide basic information about:. Most people can take antihistamines safely.

Antihistamines should not be used by people with a rare metabolic disorder called acute porphyria. In addition, they may not be suitable for people with liver or kidney problems. First-generation antihistamines may not be suitable for men with prostate enlargement benign prostatic hyperplasia. They may also not be suitable for people with raised pressure in the eye acute glaucoma or who are at risk of glaucoma.

Women who are pregnant or breast-feeding are usually advised not to take antihistamines. This is because it is not known if they do any harm and studies cannot be done on women in this situation just in case. However, they are not known to cause harm. If certain conditions such as hay fever or morning sickness make you very unwell in pregnancy, the benefit of treatment may be more than the very small risk of any harm.

Your doctor would talk this over with you and prescribe one of the antihistamines believed to be safe in pregnancy if you choose to take one. Similarly, in breast-feeding women, in some cases the benefits may be more than the risk.

Antihistamines do come through in small quantities into breast milk, although they are not known to cause any harm. A full list of people who should not take antihistamines is included with the information leaflet that comes in the medicine packet. If you are prescribed or buy an antihistamine, read this to be sure you are safe to take it.

Usually it is possible to find an antihistamine which keeps your symptoms controlled. Sometimes you may need to experiment and try more than one to find the one that works best for you. For example, diphenhydramine is the generic name for the brand name Benadryl.

Antihistamines that are taken by mouth oral work better than those that are applied directly to the skin topical because a pill or capsule contains a specific dose of medicine.

The dose in a cream or ointment depends on how much is applied at one time and is harder to control. Too much antihistamine absorbed through the skin can be toxic, especially to children. Don't give any antihistamines to your child unless you've checked with the doctor first.

The use of cream or ointment antihistamines is not reliable and not recommended. Read and follow all instructions on the label. Be sure to follow the non-prescription medicine precautions. Do not take oral antihistamines when you are driving, are operating machinery, or need to be alert because they can make you sleepy. Use caution if you have other health problems, such as glaucoma, epilepsy, or an enlarged prostate.

Antihistamines can cause your other health problems to get worse and also may interact with other medicines, such as antidepressants, sedatives, and tranquilizers. Read the package carefully, and ask your pharmacist or doctor to help you choose an antihistamine that will not cause problems.

Antihistamines are often combined with a decongestant in one product.